{UAH} Chronology of the Philippines Peace Process
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Robert Atuhairwe,
See Below:
Bobby
Chronology of the Peace Process
and Peace agreements between the
Philippines and the National
Democratic Front
Christine Bell and Helia Farahnoosh
This chronology was produced by the Political Settlements Research
Programme for UN Women in support of its work for the Global Study on
the implementation of UNSC 1325 and the High-level review of that
resolution by the UN Secretary-General
(http://www.unwomen.org/en/news/in-focus/women-peace-security/1325-review-and-global-study)
Background
The Communist Party of the Philippines (CPP) and its New People's Army
(NPA) launched their armed struggle against the Philippine government
in 1968, committed to overthrowing the authoritarian government. In
1973, the CPP-NPA established its third arm, the National Democratic
Front (NDF), the legal/political wing of the organizations. The NDF
rose to prominence in 1980s through organising in cities and forming
alliances with elites and other groups that opposed the Marcos regime.
The NDF, along with its 12-point program state a goal of building a
united front and waging a "national democratic revolution" and
"people's war" against the Philippine government and against U.S.
influence.
Talks between the Philippine government and the NDFP (the armed wing
of the NDP), which negotiates on behalf of the CPP-NPA, have been
'intermittent and inconclusive' since they began under the Corazon
Aquino government in 1986. In 2004, talks between the government and
the insurgents came to a halt when Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo's
administration, who had previously supported by the NDF (in order to
remove President Estrada) pursued closer ties with the U.S. (after 11
September attacks) and responded to the government's request to add a
list of armed groups, including the CPP and NPA, to terrorist lists.
This ignited disputes and fighting again, and later the Philippine
military launched the counter-insurgency plan, 'Oplan Batanay Laya',
to reduce the number and influence of the insurgency groups. Moreover,
the history of internal debate and division on tactics, between the
'old' leadership based in Utrecht and the Philippine-based CPP-NPA
leaders, have been blamed delaying negotiations and for spoiling the
resumption of peace talks in August 2009.
Over twenty agreements and almost 3 decades later, substantive issues
remain to be addressed and the Joint Monitoring Committee (JMC), the
effective mechanism for investigating violations of the
2
Comprehensive Agreement to Respect Human Rights and International
Humanitarian Law (CARHRIHL) – one of the most significant agreements
signed - has not yet met. Today, the CPP-NPA are advancing a so-called
'strategic-stalemate', a five-year plan to push other political
advancements.
The CPP-NPA-NDF conflict in the Philippines has often taken a back
seat to efforts made to ending the conflict with the Moro Islamic
Liberation Front (MILF), and attention by the international community
to the conflict with the communist insurgency in the Philippines, now
in its fifth decade, has long ceased. Yet the conflict continues to
claim life, effect communities and obstruct development in large parts
of the country. The greatest victim of the conflict is the civilian
population, it has been estimated that the conflict has caused 40,000
deaths. The communist insurgency has been most active and strongest in
Central and Northern Luzon, Calabarzon. These areas are home to the
indigenous communities and their coveted ancestral resource-rich
ancestral land. The tribes, or lumadas, living in these areas are
among the most affected by the conflict.
Exploratory Period (1988-1992)
This period began with a number of goodwill measures taken by the
NDFP. In October 1990, the GRP and NDFP makes separate but similar
statements announcing promising prospects for new round of peace
negotiations; and Jalandoni declares that peace negotiations can
commence without preconditions. In 1991 NDFP declares a unilateral
ceasefire to encourage the GRP Senate to reject a new treaty extending
the presence of US military bases in the country. Subsequently the GRP
Senate rejects the new treaty, but four days later, NDFP end the
unilateral ceasefire after President Aquino withdrew the notice of
termination already served on the US to lose the military bases, and
failure to reciprocate NDFP's ceasefire declaration.
Preliminary Talks (August 1992- June 1995)
01/09/1992 The Hague Joint Declaration
14/06/1994 Joint Statement of the Government of the Republic of the
Philippines (GRP) and the Panel for Peace Talks with the CPP/NPA/NDF
and the National Democratic Front (NDF Delegation (Breukelen Joint
Statement)
24/02/1995 Joint Agreement on Safety and Immunity Guarantees
26/02/1995 Joint Agreement on the Ground Rules of the Formal Meetings
between the GRP and NDFP Panels
Formal Peace Negotiations (June 1995- June 1998)
18/03/1997 Supplemental Agreement to the Joint Agreement on the
Formation, Sequence and Operationalization of the Reciprocal Working
Committees
16/03/1998 Joint Agreement in Support of Socio-economic Projects of
Private Development Organizations and Institutes
References to women:
•Page 1, Article 1. Respect, Encouragement and Support
1.3. To undertake programs and projects for the promotion and
protection of human rights ingeneral and particularly the rights of
workers, peasants, women, youth, children andindigenous peoples as
well as the protection of the environment;
3
16/03/1998 Additional Implementing Rules of the Joint Agreement on
Safety and Immunity Guarantees (JASIG) Pertaining to the Security of
Personnel and Consultations in Furtherance of the Peace Negotiations
16/03/1998 Comprehensive Agreement on Respect for Human Rights and
International Humanitarian Law between the Government of the Republic
of the Philippines and the National Democratic Front of the
Philippines
•References to women: Page 4, PART II: BASES, SCOPE AND APPLICABILITY
Article 5
This Agreement shall be applicable in all cases involving violations
of human rights and theprinciples of international humanitarian law
committed against persons, families and groupsaffiliated with either
Party and all civilians and persons not directly taking part in
thehostilities, including persons deprived of their liberty for
reasons related to the armedconflict, without distinction of any kind
based on sex, race, language, religion or conviction,political or
other opinion, national, ethnic or social origin, age, economic
position, property,marital status, birth or any other similar
condition or status.
Article 2
2.7. The right not to be subjected to physical or mental torture,
solitary confinement, rapeand sexual abuse, and other inhuman, cruel
or degrading treatment, detention andpunishment.
2.10. The right to equal protection of the law and against any form of
discrimination on thebasis of race, ethnicity, gender, belief, age,
physical condition or civil status and against anyincitement to such
discrimination.
2.17. The right to universal suffrage irrespective of sex, race,
occupation, social origin,property, status, education, ideological and
political conviction, and religious belief.
2.19. The right to gainful employment, humane working and living
conditions, livelihood andjob prospects, to work and equal pay, to
form unions, to strike and participate in the policyand
decision-making processes affecting their rights and interests, and
the right not to bedenied these rights due to nationality, creed,
minority status, gender or sexual preference, orcivil status.
2.23. The equal right of women in all fields of endeavor and in all
spheres of political,economic, cultural, social and domestic life and
to their emancipation.
2.24. The right of children and the disabled to protection, care and a
home, especially againstphysical and mental abuse, prostitution,
drugs, forced labor, homelessness, and other similarforms of
oppression and exploitation.
Article 3
3.10. The Parties shall promote the basic collective and individual
rights of workers,peasants, fisherfolk, urban poor, migrant workers,
ethnic minorities, women, youth, childrenand the rest of the people
and shall take concrete steps to stop and prevent the violation
ofhuman rights, ensure that those found guilty of such violations are
punished, and provide forthe indemnification, rehabilitation, and
restitution of the victims.
4
3.11. The GRP shall respect the basic rights guaranteed by the
International Labor Convention on Freedom of Association and
Protection of the Right to Organize and the standards set by the
International Labor Organization (ILO) pertaining to job tenure, wage
and living conditions, trade union rights and medical and social
insurance of all workers, right of women workers to maternity benefits
and against discrimination vis-a-vis male workers, right against child
labor, and the rights of migrant workers abroad in accordance with the
International Covenant on the Rights of Migrant Workers and Members of
their Families.
Page 10, PART IV: RESPECT FOR INTERNATIONAL HUMANITARIAN LAW
Article 4.
4.1. Persons hors de combat and those who do not take a direct part in
hostilities are entitled to respect for their lives, dignity, human
rights, political convictions and their moral and physical integrity
and shall be protected in all circumstances and treated humanely
without any adverse discrimination founded on race, color, faith, sex,
birth, social standing or any other similar criteria.
4.10. Parties shall provide special attention to women and children to
ensure their physical and moral integrity. Children shall not be
allowed to take part in hostilities.
Page 5, Part III, Respect for Human Rights,
...
Article 2.19. The right to gainful employment, humane working and
living conditions, livelihood and job security, to work and equal pay,
to form unions, to strike and participate in the policy and
decision-making processes affecting their rights and interests, and
the right not to be denied these rights due to nationality, creed,
minority status, gender or sexual preference, or civil status.
Suspension of Formal Talks and Termination of Peace Negotiations (1998-2001)
January 1999, the European Parliament passed a resolution,
congratulating the GRP and the NDFP for their success in producing the
CARHRIHL. In February, the NPA capture AFP/PNP officers in Mindanao
and Bicol, subsequently the President Estrada declares unilateral
suspension of the peace talks. In April, the NDFP issues the release
order of the four officers for humanitarian considerations and act of
good will. 27 May 1999, the Philippine Senate ratifies the Visiting
Forces Agreement (VFA), granting US military forces unlimited access
to all ports and airports, two days later the NDFP announced the
Recognition of De-facto Termination of peace negotiations by the GRP.
Soon after, the GRP formally acknowledges its termination of peace
talks. During President Estrada campaign, Vice President Gloria
Macapagal-Arroyo declared that if she assumes the presidency, she
would "reverse the all-out-war policy of the Estrada government and
resume peace negotiations with the National Democratic Front of the
Philippines (NDFP) and the Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF)".
Shortly after assuming office, President Macapagal-Arroyo
reconstitutes the GRP negotiating panels for talks with the NDFP and
MILF.
5
Resumption and Virtual Termination of Peace Negotiations (June 2001- 2006)
09/03/2001 Joint Statement by the Negotiating Panels of the Government
of the Republic of the Philippines (GRP) and the Negotiating Panel of
the National Democratic Front of the Philippines (NDPF)
30/04/2001 Oslo Joint Communique
13/01/2004 Joint Statement to Resume Formal Talks in the GRP-NDPF
Peace Negotiations
14/02/2004 Oslo Joint Statement
•References to women:
8.Confidence-Building Measure
Release of Prisoners and Detainees
[...] The GRP shall review the cases of women, children, sick and
elderly prisoners or detainees enumerated in the list submitted by
KARAPATAN and determine whether they may be expeditiously released on
humanitarian and/or legal grounds; [...]
14/02/2004 Annex A. The Role of the Third Party Negotiator (Oslo Joint
Statement)
14/02/2004 Annex B. Operational Guidelines for the Joint Monitoring
Committee (Oslo Joint Statement)
03/04/2004 The Second Oslo Joint Statement
•References to Women
Page 3, Article 4. On the Release of Prisoners and Detainees
Pursuant to its commitment under item 8 of the Oslo Joint Statement of
14 February 2004 theGRP shall take steps to obtain the release of
thirty two (32) prisoners and detainees named inthe list submitted by
the GRP (a copy of which is attached hereto as Annex "A") within
thirty(30) calendar days starting 5 April 2004, which includes nine
individuals covered by the releaseorder of GRP President Gloria
Macapagal-Arroyo in 2001, seven women, 10 minors and six sickand/or
elderly. Of the seven named women, the case of nursing mother Zenaida
Llesis shall begiven the highest priority and she shall be released
forthwith.
ANNEX A, List of Prisoners and Detainees
B. Women and Minors [7 names, numbers 10-16]
15/04/2004 Statement by the Joint Monitoring Committee
24/06/2004 Partial Supplementary Guidelines for the Joint Monitoring Committee
25/06/2004 Memorandum of Understanding between the Government of the
Republic of the Philippines (GRP), the National Democratic Front of
the Philippines (NDPF) and the Third Party Facilitator, the Royal
Norwegian Government
6
Sources:
The GRP-NDFP Peace Negotiations: Major Written Agreements &
Outstanding Issues (NDFP Monitoring Committee, 2006)
Chronology of the GRP-NDF Peace Negotiations was produced by The
Philippine Peace Center
International Crisis Group 'The Communist Insurgency in the
Philippines: Tactics and Talks Executive Summary'
http://www.crisisgroup.org/~/media/Files/asia/south-east-asia/philippines/202%20The%20Communist%20Insurgency%20in%20the%20Philippines%20Tactics%20and%20Talks.pdf
Centre for Humanitarian Dialogue, 'Philippines NDF'
http://www.hdcentre.org/en/our-work/peacemaking/philippines-ndf/
Acknowledgements
This chronology and the peace agreement data underlying it is drawn
from a new database currently under construction: PA-X, a Peace
Agreement Access Tool (available 2016, www.peaceagreements.org). This
project has received support from UN Women and has been produced by
the Political Settlements Research Programme, funded by UK Aid from
the UK Department of International Development (DFID) for the benefit
of developing countries. Views are the authors' own and DFID and UN
Women accept no responsibility for the views or information contained
herein or for any reliance placed on them.
The chronology was researched and authored by Helia Farahnoosh
(University of Edinburgh, Human Rights LLM Programme) and Professor
Christine Bell (Professor of Law, Director Global Justice Academy
(www.globaljusticeacademy.ed.ac.uk), and Programme Director, Political
Settlements Research Programme (www.politicalsettlements.org).
This paper is an output from the Political Settlement Research
Programme (www.politicalsettlements.org) funded by Department for
International Development (DFID), UK for the benefit of developing
countries. This research has also been funded by UN Women in support
of its work supporting the Global Study on the implementation of UNSC
1325 and the High-level review of that resolution by the UN
Secretary-General
(http://www.unwomen.org/en/news/in-focus/women-peace-security/1325-review-and-global-study).
However, the views expressed and information contained herein are not
necessarily those of or endorsed by DFID or UN Women which can accept
no responsibility for such views or information or for any reliance
placed on them. © Christine Bell and Helia Farahnoosh 2015
--
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See Below:
Bobby
Chronology of the Peace Process
and Peace agreements between the
Philippines and the National
Democratic Front
Christine Bell and Helia Farahnoosh
This chronology was produced by the Political Settlements Research
Programme for UN Women in support of its work for the Global Study on
the implementation of UNSC 1325 and the High-level review of that
resolution by the UN Secretary-General
(http://www.unwomen.org/en/news/in-focus/women-peace-security/1325-review-and-global-study)
Background
The Communist Party of the Philippines (CPP) and its New People's Army
(NPA) launched their armed struggle against the Philippine government
in 1968, committed to overthrowing the authoritarian government. In
1973, the CPP-NPA established its third arm, the National Democratic
Front (NDF), the legal/political wing of the organizations. The NDF
rose to prominence in 1980s through organising in cities and forming
alliances with elites and other groups that opposed the Marcos regime.
The NDF, along with its 12-point program state a goal of building a
united front and waging a "national democratic revolution" and
"people's war" against the Philippine government and against U.S.
influence.
Talks between the Philippine government and the NDFP (the armed wing
of the NDP), which negotiates on behalf of the CPP-NPA, have been
'intermittent and inconclusive' since they began under the Corazon
Aquino government in 1986. In 2004, talks between the government and
the insurgents came to a halt when Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo's
administration, who had previously supported by the NDF (in order to
remove President Estrada) pursued closer ties with the U.S. (after 11
September attacks) and responded to the government's request to add a
list of armed groups, including the CPP and NPA, to terrorist lists.
This ignited disputes and fighting again, and later the Philippine
military launched the counter-insurgency plan, 'Oplan Batanay Laya',
to reduce the number and influence of the insurgency groups. Moreover,
the history of internal debate and division on tactics, between the
'old' leadership based in Utrecht and the Philippine-based CPP-NPA
leaders, have been blamed delaying negotiations and for spoiling the
resumption of peace talks in August 2009.
Over twenty agreements and almost 3 decades later, substantive issues
remain to be addressed and the Joint Monitoring Committee (JMC), the
effective mechanism for investigating violations of the
2
Comprehensive Agreement to Respect Human Rights and International
Humanitarian Law (CARHRIHL) – one of the most significant agreements
signed - has not yet met. Today, the CPP-NPA are advancing a so-called
'strategic-stalemate', a five-year plan to push other political
advancements.
The CPP-NPA-NDF conflict in the Philippines has often taken a back
seat to efforts made to ending the conflict with the Moro Islamic
Liberation Front (MILF), and attention by the international community
to the conflict with the communist insurgency in the Philippines, now
in its fifth decade, has long ceased. Yet the conflict continues to
claim life, effect communities and obstruct development in large parts
of the country. The greatest victim of the conflict is the civilian
population, it has been estimated that the conflict has caused 40,000
deaths. The communist insurgency has been most active and strongest in
Central and Northern Luzon, Calabarzon. These areas are home to the
indigenous communities and their coveted ancestral resource-rich
ancestral land. The tribes, or lumadas, living in these areas are
among the most affected by the conflict.
Exploratory Period (1988-1992)
This period began with a number of goodwill measures taken by the
NDFP. In October 1990, the GRP and NDFP makes separate but similar
statements announcing promising prospects for new round of peace
negotiations; and Jalandoni declares that peace negotiations can
commence without preconditions. In 1991 NDFP declares a unilateral
ceasefire to encourage the GRP Senate to reject a new treaty extending
the presence of US military bases in the country. Subsequently the GRP
Senate rejects the new treaty, but four days later, NDFP end the
unilateral ceasefire after President Aquino withdrew the notice of
termination already served on the US to lose the military bases, and
failure to reciprocate NDFP's ceasefire declaration.
Preliminary Talks (August 1992- June 1995)
01/09/1992 The Hague Joint Declaration
14/06/1994 Joint Statement of the Government of the Republic of the
Philippines (GRP) and the Panel for Peace Talks with the CPP/NPA/NDF
and the National Democratic Front (NDF Delegation (Breukelen Joint
Statement)
24/02/1995 Joint Agreement on Safety and Immunity Guarantees
26/02/1995 Joint Agreement on the Ground Rules of the Formal Meetings
between the GRP and NDFP Panels
Formal Peace Negotiations (June 1995- June 1998)
18/03/1997 Supplemental Agreement to the Joint Agreement on the
Formation, Sequence and Operationalization of the Reciprocal Working
Committees
16/03/1998 Joint Agreement in Support of Socio-economic Projects of
Private Development Organizations and Institutes
References to women:
•Page 1, Article 1. Respect, Encouragement and Support
1.3. To undertake programs and projects for the promotion and
protection of human rights ingeneral and particularly the rights of
workers, peasants, women, youth, children andindigenous peoples as
well as the protection of the environment;
3
16/03/1998 Additional Implementing Rules of the Joint Agreement on
Safety and Immunity Guarantees (JASIG) Pertaining to the Security of
Personnel and Consultations in Furtherance of the Peace Negotiations
16/03/1998 Comprehensive Agreement on Respect for Human Rights and
International Humanitarian Law between the Government of the Republic
of the Philippines and the National Democratic Front of the
Philippines
•References to women: Page 4, PART II: BASES, SCOPE AND APPLICABILITY
Article 5
This Agreement shall be applicable in all cases involving violations
of human rights and theprinciples of international humanitarian law
committed against persons, families and groupsaffiliated with either
Party and all civilians and persons not directly taking part in
thehostilities, including persons deprived of their liberty for
reasons related to the armedconflict, without distinction of any kind
based on sex, race, language, religion or conviction,political or
other opinion, national, ethnic or social origin, age, economic
position, property,marital status, birth or any other similar
condition or status.
Article 2
2.7. The right not to be subjected to physical or mental torture,
solitary confinement, rapeand sexual abuse, and other inhuman, cruel
or degrading treatment, detention andpunishment.
2.10. The right to equal protection of the law and against any form of
discrimination on thebasis of race, ethnicity, gender, belief, age,
physical condition or civil status and against anyincitement to such
discrimination.
2.17. The right to universal suffrage irrespective of sex, race,
occupation, social origin,property, status, education, ideological and
political conviction, and religious belief.
2.19. The right to gainful employment, humane working and living
conditions, livelihood andjob prospects, to work and equal pay, to
form unions, to strike and participate in the policyand
decision-making processes affecting their rights and interests, and
the right not to bedenied these rights due to nationality, creed,
minority status, gender or sexual preference, orcivil status.
2.23. The equal right of women in all fields of endeavor and in all
spheres of political,economic, cultural, social and domestic life and
to their emancipation.
2.24. The right of children and the disabled to protection, care and a
home, especially againstphysical and mental abuse, prostitution,
drugs, forced labor, homelessness, and other similarforms of
oppression and exploitation.
Article 3
3.10. The Parties shall promote the basic collective and individual
rights of workers,peasants, fisherfolk, urban poor, migrant workers,
ethnic minorities, women, youth, childrenand the rest of the people
and shall take concrete steps to stop and prevent the violation
ofhuman rights, ensure that those found guilty of such violations are
punished, and provide forthe indemnification, rehabilitation, and
restitution of the victims.
4
3.11. The GRP shall respect the basic rights guaranteed by the
International Labor Convention on Freedom of Association and
Protection of the Right to Organize and the standards set by the
International Labor Organization (ILO) pertaining to job tenure, wage
and living conditions, trade union rights and medical and social
insurance of all workers, right of women workers to maternity benefits
and against discrimination vis-a-vis male workers, right against child
labor, and the rights of migrant workers abroad in accordance with the
International Covenant on the Rights of Migrant Workers and Members of
their Families.
Page 10, PART IV: RESPECT FOR INTERNATIONAL HUMANITARIAN LAW
Article 4.
4.1. Persons hors de combat and those who do not take a direct part in
hostilities are entitled to respect for their lives, dignity, human
rights, political convictions and their moral and physical integrity
and shall be protected in all circumstances and treated humanely
without any adverse discrimination founded on race, color, faith, sex,
birth, social standing or any other similar criteria.
4.10. Parties shall provide special attention to women and children to
ensure their physical and moral integrity. Children shall not be
allowed to take part in hostilities.
Page 5, Part III, Respect for Human Rights,
...
Article 2.19. The right to gainful employment, humane working and
living conditions, livelihood and job security, to work and equal pay,
to form unions, to strike and participate in the policy and
decision-making processes affecting their rights and interests, and
the right not to be denied these rights due to nationality, creed,
minority status, gender or sexual preference, or civil status.
Suspension of Formal Talks and Termination of Peace Negotiations (1998-2001)
January 1999, the European Parliament passed a resolution,
congratulating the GRP and the NDFP for their success in producing the
CARHRIHL. In February, the NPA capture AFP/PNP officers in Mindanao
and Bicol, subsequently the President Estrada declares unilateral
suspension of the peace talks. In April, the NDFP issues the release
order of the four officers for humanitarian considerations and act of
good will. 27 May 1999, the Philippine Senate ratifies the Visiting
Forces Agreement (VFA), granting US military forces unlimited access
to all ports and airports, two days later the NDFP announced the
Recognition of De-facto Termination of peace negotiations by the GRP.
Soon after, the GRP formally acknowledges its termination of peace
talks. During President Estrada campaign, Vice President Gloria
Macapagal-Arroyo declared that if she assumes the presidency, she
would "reverse the all-out-war policy of the Estrada government and
resume peace negotiations with the National Democratic Front of the
Philippines (NDFP) and the Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF)".
Shortly after assuming office, President Macapagal-Arroyo
reconstitutes the GRP negotiating panels for talks with the NDFP and
MILF.
5
Resumption and Virtual Termination of Peace Negotiations (June 2001- 2006)
09/03/2001 Joint Statement by the Negotiating Panels of the Government
of the Republic of the Philippines (GRP) and the Negotiating Panel of
the National Democratic Front of the Philippines (NDPF)
30/04/2001 Oslo Joint Communique
13/01/2004 Joint Statement to Resume Formal Talks in the GRP-NDPF
Peace Negotiations
14/02/2004 Oslo Joint Statement
•References to women:
8.Confidence-Building Measure
Release of Prisoners and Detainees
[...] The GRP shall review the cases of women, children, sick and
elderly prisoners or detainees enumerated in the list submitted by
KARAPATAN and determine whether they may be expeditiously released on
humanitarian and/or legal grounds; [...]
14/02/2004 Annex A. The Role of the Third Party Negotiator (Oslo Joint
Statement)
14/02/2004 Annex B. Operational Guidelines for the Joint Monitoring
Committee (Oslo Joint Statement)
03/04/2004 The Second Oslo Joint Statement
•References to Women
Page 3, Article 4. On the Release of Prisoners and Detainees
Pursuant to its commitment under item 8 of the Oslo Joint Statement of
14 February 2004 theGRP shall take steps to obtain the release of
thirty two (32) prisoners and detainees named inthe list submitted by
the GRP (a copy of which is attached hereto as Annex "A") within
thirty(30) calendar days starting 5 April 2004, which includes nine
individuals covered by the releaseorder of GRP President Gloria
Macapagal-Arroyo in 2001, seven women, 10 minors and six sickand/or
elderly. Of the seven named women, the case of nursing mother Zenaida
Llesis shall begiven the highest priority and she shall be released
forthwith.
ANNEX A, List of Prisoners and Detainees
B. Women and Minors [7 names, numbers 10-16]
15/04/2004 Statement by the Joint Monitoring Committee
24/06/2004 Partial Supplementary Guidelines for the Joint Monitoring Committee
25/06/2004 Memorandum of Understanding between the Government of the
Republic of the Philippines (GRP), the National Democratic Front of
the Philippines (NDPF) and the Third Party Facilitator, the Royal
Norwegian Government
6
Sources:
The GRP-NDFP Peace Negotiations: Major Written Agreements &
Outstanding Issues (NDFP Monitoring Committee, 2006)
Chronology of the GRP-NDF Peace Negotiations was produced by The
Philippine Peace Center
International Crisis Group 'The Communist Insurgency in the
Philippines: Tactics and Talks Executive Summary'
http://www.crisisgroup.org/~/media/Files/asia/south-east-asia/philippines/202%20The%20Communist%20Insurgency%20in%20the%20Philippines%20Tactics%20and%20Talks.pdf
Centre for Humanitarian Dialogue, 'Philippines NDF'
http://www.hdcentre.org/en/our-work/peacemaking/philippines-ndf/
Acknowledgements
This chronology and the peace agreement data underlying it is drawn
from a new database currently under construction: PA-X, a Peace
Agreement Access Tool (available 2016, www.peaceagreements.org). This
project has received support from UN Women and has been produced by
the Political Settlements Research Programme, funded by UK Aid from
the UK Department of International Development (DFID) for the benefit
of developing countries. Views are the authors' own and DFID and UN
Women accept no responsibility for the views or information contained
herein or for any reliance placed on them.
The chronology was researched and authored by Helia Farahnoosh
(University of Edinburgh, Human Rights LLM Programme) and Professor
Christine Bell (Professor of Law, Director Global Justice Academy
(www.globaljusticeacademy.ed.ac.uk), and Programme Director, Political
Settlements Research Programme (www.politicalsettlements.org).
This paper is an output from the Political Settlement Research
Programme (www.politicalsettlements.org) funded by Department for
International Development (DFID), UK for the benefit of developing
countries. This research has also been funded by UN Women in support
of its work supporting the Global Study on the implementation of UNSC
1325 and the High-level review of that resolution by the UN
Secretary-General
(http://www.unwomen.org/en/news/in-focus/women-peace-security/1325-review-and-global-study).
However, the views expressed and information contained herein are not
necessarily those of or endorsed by DFID or UN Women which can accept
no responsibility for such views or information or for any reliance
placed on them. © Christine Bell and Helia Farahnoosh 2015
--
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