{UAH} DIABETES: REMEMBERING BANTING AND HIS DISCOVERY OF INSULIN!

DIABETES: REMEMBERING BANTING AND HIS DISCOVERY OF INSULIN!

1.July 1, 1920

Banting opens his first medical practice in London, Ontario.

2.October 31, 1920

Banting conceives of the idea of insulin after reading an article in the journal Surgery, Gynecology and Obstetrics by Moses Barron, an American pathologist, titled 'The Relation of Islets of Langerhans to Diabetes with Special Reference to Cases of Pancreatic Lithiasis.' He moves to Toronto and over the next year, with the support of Prof.. Macleod of the University of Toronto, and the assistance of Best, a medical student, and Dr. James Collip, continues his research using a variety of different extracts on depancreatized dogs.

3.Summer 1921

Banting's work leads to the discovery of insulin. On July 30, Dog 410 is the first to receive the extract. On August 4 the extract is called 'Isletin' for the first time.

4..November 14, 1921

Dr. Banting and Charles Best deliver a preliminary report of their research to the Journal Club of the University of Toronto, Department of Physiology.

5.November 17, 1921

Banting and Best discover that extract from cattle foetal pancreas lowers blood sugar levels of depancreatized dogs, leading them toward plentiful, cheap sources for insulin. Experiments begin to test the long-term effectiveness of insulin treatment.

6.December 1921

Dr. James Bertram Collip, a biochemist on sabbatical from the University of Alberta, joins the Banting and Best team to assist in refining the quality of extracts.

7.December 30, 1921

Banting, Macleod, Best and Collip present the results of their research at a session of the American Physiological Society at Yale University. The paper initially generates little interest. The paper – 'The Internal Secretion of the Pancreas' – is published two months later in the prestigious Journal of Laboratory and Clinical Medicine.

8.January 1922

Leonard Thompson, 14, a 'charity patient' at the Toronto General Hospital, becomes the first person to receive and injection of insulin to treat diabetes. Thompson lives another 13 years before dying of pneumonia at age 27.

9.May 3, 1922

The word 'insulin' is used in public for the first time when Macleod presents the paper 'The Effect Produced on Diabetes by the Extracts of Pancreas' to the Association of American Physicians annual meeting in Washington, D.C. The results of the Toronto group's experiments is hailed as 'one of the greatest achievements of modern medicine'.

10.May 30, 1922

Pharmaceutical manufacturer Eli Lilly & Co. of Indianapolis and the University of Toronto enter a deal for the mass production of insulin.

11.August 16, 1922

Elizabeth Evans Hughes, 13, daughter of U.S. Secretary of State Charles Evans Hughes, arrives in Toronto to be treated by Banting for her diabetes. Weighing only 45 pounds and barely able to walk, Elizabeth responds immediately to the insulin treatment, and goes on to live a productive life. She dies in 1981 at age 73.

12.October 25, 1923

Banting and Macleod are awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. Banting shares his award with Best, while Macleod shares his with Collip.

13.October 1923

Insulin is made commercially available in the United States and Canada.

14.1936

In a series of research papers, Sir Harold Himsworth of the University College Hospital in London finds that diabetes falls into two types based on 'insulin insensitivity.' This discovery later leads to the diabetes classifications of type 1 and type 2.

15.1936

Hans Christian Hagedorn, founder of Novo Nordisk, discovers that adding protamine to insulin prolongs the duration of action of the medication.

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*Abbey Kibirige  Semuwemba*

Stalk my blog at: http://semuwemba.worldpress.com

"Men in authority will always think that criticism of their policies is dangerous. They will always equate their policies with patriotism, and find criticism subversive." - Henry Steele Commager 1902-98

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